Effects of diets containing free gossypol on follicular development, embryo recovery and corpus luteum function in Brangus heifers treated with bFSH

Abstract

Thirty 2 yr old Brangus heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: Control, 0 g of free gossypol (FG) per head per day (FGHD) from corn and soybean meal (SBM); 5 g of FGHD from cottonseed meal (CSM); and 15 g of FGHD from whole cottonseed (WCS). Blood samples were collected weekly for serum progesterone (P 4) and later quantified by RIA. Whole blood was collected on Days 1, 28, 42, 56 and 70 for erythrocyte fragility (EF) analysis. Following 65 d on dietary treatments and estrus detection, the heifers received bovine-FSH (bFSH) once daily on Days 10, 11 and 12 postestrus, and PGF 2α on Day 12 postestrus. Fifteen of the thirty heifers were randomly selected, and 12 h following PGF 2α, the ovaries were removed and follicular diameters, ovarian weight and stromal weights were recorded. Follicular fluid was analyzed for steroid content by RIA. The remaining fifteen heifers were artificially inseminated. Embryos were recovered non-surgically on Day 7 postestrus and graded, and the recovery efficiencies were calculated. Following embryo collection, both ovaries were removed, the number of CLs was recorded, and CL P 4 content was determined by RIA. By Day 42 of treatment, heifers receiving CSM had elevated (P < 0.04) EF compared with the Controls, and remained elevated above that of Controls throughout the study. At Day 70, the CSM heifers tended to have higher (P < 0.07) EF than the WCS group, which in turn tended to be higher (P < 0.06) than the Controls. The Control and CSM heifers gained weight during the 70 d treatment period, while heifers consuming WCS lost weight (P < 0.05). Ovarian and stromal weights did not differ (P > 0.10) among treatment groups. Heifers receiving CSM had fewer (P < 0.05) follicles > 5 mm than WCS or Control heifers. Follicular fluid weights and steroid content did not differ (P > 0.10) among treatments. Both CL weight and the number of CLs per heifer were similar (P > 0.10) among treatments. Heifers receiving CSM or WCS had a higher (P < 0.003) CL P 4 content per gram of CL tissue than the Controls. Progesterone content per CL was greater in WCS heifers (P < 0.003) than in CSM heifers, while both the CSM and WCS heifers had a higher CL P 4 content than the Control heifers. Weekly and Day 7 postestrus serum concentrations of P 4 were similar (P > 0.10) among treatments. The number of embryos recovered, number of degenerated embryos, embryo grades and recovery efficiencies were not affected (P > 0.10) by dietary treatments. To standardize heifers relative to the number of degenerated embryos, the percentage of degenerated embryos recovered was calculated and tended to be greater (P < 0.06) in heifers consuming CSM than in either the Control or WCS groups. While most ovarian, follicular and embryo characteristics were not affected by dietary free gossypol, these results suggest that differences in the availability of free gossypol and/or dietary components between CSM and WCS may influence weight gain, CL P 4 content and embryo viability.