Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin E on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical properties and some immune responses in Caspian trout, Salmo caspius. Six experimental diets were formulated with semi-purified ingredients supplemented with vitamin E in the form of DL-α-tocopherol acetate to provide the actual vitamin E concentrations of 4.9 (the basal diet), 8.6, 17.4, 35.4, 78.8 and 137.0 mg kg−1 diet, respectively. Each diet was assigned to three replicate groups of Caspian trout (initial average weight of 9.73 ± 0.34 g) for eight weeks. Weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were found to be significantly enhanced by increasing dietary vitamin E level and reached to the highest values in fish fed with 78.8 mg kg−1 vitamin E supplemented diet (P < 0.05). A significantly linear increasing trend was recorded in crude protein, fat content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, liver vitamin E concentration, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and alternative complement activity (ACH50), while glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was linearly and quadratically enhanced in response to increasing dietary vitamin E supplementations (P < 0.05). There were also linearly and quadratically decreasing trend in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities as well as serum glucose (GLC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by supplementing dietary vitamin E (P < 0.05). Analysis by the polynomial regression of SGR, GLC, and SOD activity against varying levels of dietary vitamin E revealed that the optimum dietary vitamin E requirements in Caspian trout were 79.44, 78.73, and 82.16 mg kg−1, respectively.
Highlights
Vitamin E is a generic descriptor for eight naturally occurring lipo philic compounds with the highest biological activity in the form of α-tocopherol that plays fundamental roles in normal metabolic functions and physiological processes (Combs et al, 2017)
Results of the present study illustrates that supplementa tion of vitamin E in the diet is essential for higher survival and better growth of Caspian trout
Fish fed diet unsupplemented with the vitamin E had the lower Weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), as well as the lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed diets supplemented with different levels of vitamin E
Summary
Vitamin E is a generic descriptor for eight naturally occurring lipo philic compounds with the highest biological activity in the form of α-tocopherol that plays fundamental roles in normal metabolic functions and physiological processes (Combs et al, 2017). As an antioxidant, it protects macromolecules such as nucleic acids, lipoproteins, and un saturated fatty acids from being oxidized by free radicals produced during normal metabolism or unfavorable conditions such as pollution, infection, and stress (Atkinson et al, 2013; Chen et al, 2004). The optimal dietary vitamin E level was determined based on the spe cific growth rate, serum glucose content and superoxide dismutase activity
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