Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Iron in Breeding Pigeons on the Blood Iron Status, Tissue Iron Content, and Full Expression of Iron-Containing Enzymes of Squabs.

Abstract

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of diet iron levels on the blood iron status, tissue iron content, mRNA levels, and the activity of iron-containing enzymes in different tissues of squabs. A total of 120 pairs of healthy Silver Feather King parental pigeons with similar average body weight and egg production were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates and 3 pairs of pigeons per replicate. The five groups of breeding pigeons were fed an iron-unsupplemented basal diet and basal diet supplemented with 75, 150, 300, and 600mg iron/kg, respectively. The diets were fed in the form of granular feed based on corn, soybean meal, wheat, and sorghum. A broken line model was used for regression analysis. The results showed that plasma iron (PI), serum ferritin, iron contents in crop milk and liver, liver catalase (CAT) activity, and heart succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were affected by iron levels (P < 0.05). And PI, serum ferritin, iron content in crop milk, and heart SDH activity increased quadratically (P < 0.05), but the iron content and CAT activity in the liver decreased quadratically (P < 0.005) as dietary iron level increased. According to the broken-line model of serum ferritin fitting (P < 0.002), the optimal dietary iron level of breeding pigeons was estimated to be 193mg/kg. In conclusion, serum ferritin is a sensitive index to evaluate the iron requirement of the breeding pigeon with two squabs, and the recommended iron supplemental level is 193mg/kg.