Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of wheat starch processing wastewater (WSW) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune function in sheep. Eighty male Hu sheep were divided randomly into five treatments. Five groups of sheep were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing 0 (M1), 0.5% (M2), 1% (M3), 1.5% (M4) and 2% (M5) WSW, on dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. We found that the disappearance for the DM, crude protein (CP), gross energy(GE), ash and organic matter of WSW at 48 h were 62.52%, 64.32%, 65.62%, 55.78%, 62.74%, respectively. The feed:gain (F:G) for M5 was 0.77% and 0.64% less than M1and M3, respectively (P < .05). Serum characteristics (IgA, IgG, IgM and total protein) were not affected by WSW. These results indicated that fed diets containing up to 2% DM of WSW had reduced F:G and increased CP digestibility.
Highlights
By-products of wheat have long been employed as ingredients in animal feeds
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of WSW on growth performance, apparent digestibility and immune functions in sheep
The results showed that there were no adverse effects on growth in all the sheep, which was similar to the results of Hall (Hall & Chase, 2014)
Summary
By-products of wheat have long been employed as ingredients in animal feeds. Processing wheat starch can produce large amounts of wastewater ( called pentosan phase). About 5∼12 t wheat starch wastewater (WSW) will be required to produce each ton wheat starch (Ma et al, 2006). WSW contains high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), resulting in its short shelf-life. If not recycled or processed quickly, the wastewater will cause serious resource waste and environmental pollution. Some companies obtain vacuum-concentrated products by spray and drying technology. The dry matter of WSW is low (4%), and it costs much to concentrate it, so some factories fermented it to produce yeast (Yang et al, 2013), alcohol or monosodium glutamate (Zhou, Liu, & Lv, 2003), which would produce second pollution
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