Effects of Dietary Sodium Propionate on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Expression of Immune System Genes in Juveniles of Tropical Gar (Atractosteus tropicus)

Abstract

We determined the effects of sodium propionate (SP) added to the diets of Atractosteus tropicus juveniles with respect to the growth, survival, digestive enzyme activity, and expression of genes that are associated with the immune system. Five treatments (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) were evaluated in triplicate on 180 fish (3.65 ± 0.12 g) distributed among 15 (70 L) tanks. The juveniles were fed five times a day with 5% feed in relation to the biomass of the organism. The treatment with 0.5% SP showed a final weight value of 25.7 ± 4.5 g, absolute weight of gain (AWG) of 21.93 ± 4.39 g, and specific growth rate (SGR) of 3.1 ± 0.26. Treatments with 1.5 and 2.0% SP showed the highest survival (91.6%). The control group (0%) showed a greater activity of lipases. There was a tendency that the highest activity of alkaline proteases and chymotrypsin occurred in the 0 and 0.5% treatments. The maximum relative expression of the genes ocln, muc2, and nod2 occurred in the 1.5% treatment. The inclusion of SP in the diet of A. tropicus juveniles could benefit the activity of some digestive enzymes as well as the expression of genes related to the function of the intestinal barrier, therefore benefitting the survival of the organisms.