Effects of dietary energy levels on performance and carcass yield of 2 meat-type broiler lines housed in hot and cool ambient temperatures

Abstract

Two meat-type broiler lines, line A and line B were fed experimental diets from 22–42 d with objectives to determine the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels on feed intake (FI), performance, body composition, and processing yield as affected by environmental grow-out temperatures. Two thousand fifty male chicks from line A and 2,050 male chicks from line B were reared in 90-floor pens, 45 chicks per pen utilizing primary breeder nutrition and husbandry guidelines for starter (1–10 d) and grower (11–21 d) phases. Experimental finisher diets consisted of 5 increasing levels of apparent nitrogen corrected ME (2,800, 2,925, 3,050, 3,175, and 3,300 kcal/kg set at 19.5% crude protein and 1.0% dLys at each level) to represent 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120% ME of Evonik AminoChick energy level giving 2 × 5 factorial design and were fed from 22–42 d. All other amino acid levels in diets were formulated to a fixed ratio of dLys level. There were nine replicate pens for each diet and each line. The experiment was conducted twice—once in hot season (barn averages: 77.55 ˚F and 86.04% RH) and another in cool season (barn averages: 69.91 ˚F and 63.98% RH) of the year. Results showed that FI and feed conversion ratios (FCR) decreased (P < 0.05) linearly (R2 = 0.9) by 61.25 g and 0.073 units for every 10% increase in dietary ME for combined analysis of lines and seasons. The % fat mass of total body mass increased by 0.57%, whereas % protein mass decreased by 0.21% across ME levels (R2 > 0.9). However, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in % weights (of live weight) for wings, breast filet, tenders, or leg quarters across ME levels for both lines except % fat pad that increased (P < 0.05) by 0.20% for each 10% increment in dietary ME level. Line B had higher cumulative FI, BW gain, % lean, and protein mass of body mass than line A in hot season (P < 0.05). Feed intake was not different between lines in cool season (P > 0.05), whereas higher BW and improved FCR were observed for line A. Line A had higher % fat mass in both seasons. In summary, performance and yield results as affected by dietary ME levels were line specific and were affected by grow-out seasons. The optimal dietary ME level for the ME range studied (2,800–3,000 kcal/kg) at a constant recommended amino acid level lies in determining the best performance and profitability indices by taking into account the grow-out production inputs and processing yield outputs.