Abstract
Aflatoxins (AF) can be cumulative in fish tissues and can influence weight, length, feed intake and survival depending on the species. The aim of this work is to measure performance and aflatoxin levels in tissues of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) fish chronically exposed to aflatoxin. Aflatoxin was incorporated into fish diets at the following levels: Control Feed + 0 μg AFB1 kg-1; A. Feed + 10 μg AFB1 kg-1; B. Feed + 20 μg AFB1 kg-1; C. Feed + 50 μg AFB1 kg-1. It was used one tank per treatment, each one with 150 juvenile fish, and three replicates within each tank were used for sampling, that was carried out monthly over a period of six months. Aflatoxin was quantified by HPLC in fish liver and muscle after clean up using immunoaffinity columns. Performance was evaluated by using weight, length, consumption and survival rate. Muscle and liver aflatoxin levels were below the limit of detection in all control samples. Aflatoxins B2, G1 and G2 were not detected in any tissues. Traces (values between limits of detection and quantification) of AFB1 were observed in liver tissue in treatment A from day 30 through 90, reaching 0.32 μg AFB1 kg-1 at 150 days of exposure. Treatment B presented traces up to day 60 and had, with a maximum level of 0.39 μg AFB1 kg-1 at 150 days of exposure. Treatment C had aflatoxin residues after day 30, with values ranging from 0.17 to 0.61 μg AFB1 kg-1 during exposure. Muscle samples only had traces of AFB1 in all treatments. Fish was affected by exposure to AFB1 with higher values (P<0.05) for weight and length in treatments A, B and C relative to controls. Therefore, results indicate that matrinxã do not accumulate AFB1 residues in edible tissues, but chronic exposure affects the species.
Highlights
In the last 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in commercial fish production, leading to an increase in the average consumption of fish worldwide
Growth in world aquaculture is expected to increase in the coming years, with Brazil leading the way in Latin America with projections of a 104% higher production in 2025
The matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) is a teleost fish found in the Brazilian Amazon and it is widely cultivated in Brazil due to its taste and high quality protein [2, 3]
Summary
In the last 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in commercial fish production, leading to an increase in the average consumption of fish worldwide. Growth in world aquaculture is expected to increase in the coming years, with Brazil leading the way in Latin America with projections of a 104% higher production in 2025. An increase in fish consumption is expected with significant growth in countries such as Brazil, Peru, Chile, China and Mexico [1]. The matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) is a teleost fish found in the Brazilian Amazon and it is widely cultivated in Brazil due to its taste and high quality protein [2, 3]. According to Gadelha and Araujo [3], the species is very promising for fish farming because it has good feed conversion, easy adaptation to feed, high fecundity and rapid growth. It has a fillet carcass yield of approximately 40%, moisture content of 60 to 62%, 2 to 3% minerals, 18% fat and 18 to 19% protein [8]
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