Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the effects of dentifrices containing nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) on dentinal tubule occlusion and on mineral deposition. Dentin specimens of ten human teeth were submersed for 30 s in 40% citric acid and then randomly divided into four groups (three study groups and one control group). In the study groups, the dentin samples were exposed to three different n-HAp toothpastes: Karex (Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany), Biorepair Plus Sensitive (Coswell SpA, Bologna, Italy), and Dr. Wolff’s Biorepair (Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany); in the control group no toothpaste was applied. All of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In the control group all of the samples showed a frank and wide opening of the dentinal tubules, whereas in the study groups different degrees of tubule closure by mineral depositions were observed. Toothpastes containing n-HAp determined a significant occlusion of dentinal tubules and a significant increase of mineral deposition on the dentin surface. All three tested toothpastes showed similar results regarding the degree of dentinal tubule closure. Varying degrees of differences in calcium, phosphate, carbon, and oxygen ion concentrations among the three tested toothpastes were obtained.
Highlights
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) was described in 2009 by the FDI World Dental Federation as a “short sharp pain arising from exposed dentin most commonly at the tooth cervical area in response to stimuli, but which cannot be ascribed to any other dental defects, diseases or restorative treatments” [1]
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of three different commercial n-HAp toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion and on dentin mineral deposition by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
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Summary
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) was described in 2009 by the FDI World Dental Federation as a “short sharp pain arising from exposed dentin most commonly at the tooth cervical area in response to stimuli (typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical), but which cannot be ascribed to any other dental defects, diseases or restorative treatments” [1]. Different theories were proposed throughout the years to explain the pathogenesis of DH, the hydrodynamic theory of Brännström being widely accepted nowadays. This theory postulates that external stimuli can rapidly dislocate the contents of dental tubules, distorting the nerve at pulp or predentin level or damaging the odontoblast cells and causing pain [2,6,7,8,9].
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