Abstract
PurposeHides are the by-product of slaughter houses which are mostly used for leather production. In Canada, the hides are either disposed of with other slaughter waste or sold at a very low price. Dehairing of hides is a prerequisite for either leather or gelatin production from it. Therefore, the effect of hide dehairing method on subsequent gelatin extraction and quality was investigated.MethodsBovine hides (BH) were dehaired using either 5% acetic acid (AA), 10% calcium hydroxide (CH), 0.02% keratinase (KTN), 2.5% papain (PP), or not at all (control; CT), with control BH subsequently treated with 5% AA (CTAA).ResultsMean bovine hide gelatin (BHG) yields (dry basis) were 11.37%, 54.25%, 45.07%, 18.88% and 55.02% for CT, AA, CTAA, CH, and KTN, respectively. Gel strength was highest in AA followed by the CTAA, CT and CH and KTN treatments. The molecular weight (MW) distribution pattern showed that dehairing of BH with enzymes degraded the collagen extensively, increased proportions of low MW peptides that translated into low gel strength.ConclusionsAcetic acid, which is extensively using in food industry, can be used to dehair BH as pre-treatment to extracting high quality gelatin.Graphic Abstract
Highlights
Canada is one of the largest producers of beef in the world
The molecular weight (MW) distribution pattern showed that dehairing of Bovine hide (BH) with enzymes degraded the collagen extensively, increased proportions of low MW peptides that translated into low gel strength
The novelty further lies in the application of acetic acid, which is commonly used in the food industry, is an environmentally–friendly chemical for dehairing bovine hides for gelatin extraction and maintaining extracted gelatin quality
Summary
Canada is one of the largest producers of beef in the world. In Canada, the hides of cattle are either disposed of with other slaughter waste or sold at a very low price ($ 8–10/per hide). Bovine hide (BH) is rich in collagen and is used as a source material in gelatin production. Gelatin is produced by the controlled hydrolysis of its parent molecule collagen, and extraction of gelatin from BH first requires the hair to be removed. A pre–treatment is always performed on the raw material either with acid or alkali. The pre– treatment is useful for removing non-collagenous substances as well as dehairing so as to obtain a high gelatin yield. The pre–treatment process mainly aims to maximize the yield without compromising the desirable properties of the extracted gelatin
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