Effects of Daily Almond Consumption for Six Months on Cognitive Measures in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Cognitive impairment is a major risk factor for the development of dementia. Almonds are rich in nutrients recognized to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of almond consumption on cognition in elderly adults. Methods In a 6-mo single-blinded randomized controlled trial the effects of an almond intervention on cognition in healthy middle-aged to older adults were tested. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups: 1.5 oz/d almond (n = 19), 3 oz/d almond (n = 24) or 1.5 oz/d snack mix (matched for macronutrients in 3.0 oz almonds; n = 17). Dietary interviews, serum analyses for tocopherols, magnesium, oxidative status and inflammation biomarkers and cognitive function were assessed at baseline (M0), three (M3) and six (M6) months. Results At M6 serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations were increased by 8% from M0 in the 3 oz almond group (P < 0.05) and no increases were observed in the other groups. Serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were not significantly different at M0, M3 and M6 among the three groups. At M6 there were significant improvements in visuospatial working memory, visual memory and learning and spatial planning and working memory in subjects consuming 3 oz/d almonds. The snack mix and 1.5 oz/d almond groups showed no significant changes in these measures. Conclusions The study findings suggest that a long-term intervention with almonds may be an effective dietary strategy for preventing cognitive decline in an older population Funding Sources Almond Board of California, USDA CRIS #8050–51,000-095–02S.