Abstract
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) can probe the human primary motor cortex excitability. Short interstimulus intervals (ISI<5ms) between a subthreshold and a suprathreshold pulse cause short-term intracortical inhibition (SICI), whereas longer ISI causes intracortical facilitation (ICF). NMDA-receptor antagonists decrease ICF, a proxy for glutamatergic transmission, and increase ICI and cortical silent period (CSP), for GABAergic transmission. The effect of NMDA-receptor agonists (e.g.
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