Abstract
ObjectivePrevious studies have shown associations between body mass index and cardiac structure in both childhood and adulthood. Using Fels Longitudinal Study measurements, we investigate the relationships between a curtailed juvenile state and both adult cardiac structure and function.MethodsA linear mixed-effect repeated measure analysis of variance model is used to test if there is a relationship between juvenile state and each echocardiographic measurement.ResultsThe curtailed juvenile state is significantly associated with adult left ventricular mass index for both males and females. It is also significantly associated with the interventricular septal wall thickness index and relative wall thickness index for females. In both cases, early juvenile states led to more abnormal structural estimates in adulthood than did late juvenile states. Among cardiac function measurements such as left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction, left ventricular ejection fraction is significantly associated with the juvenile state for females.ConclusionThe curtailed juvenile state at the childhood may have a long-term adverse effect on adult cardiac structure and function abnormalities.
Highlights
Cardiac structure measurements have been shown to independently predict the incidence of several events attributable to cardiovascular disease, including fatality [1]
Cardiac function measurements have been found associated with contemporaneous body mass index (BMI) [18] and blood pressure [18,19]. These findings imply a deep and possibly complex interaction between body size, adiposity, cardiac structure and function, and cardiovascular health outcomes. In light of this interconnection, there is growing evidence that the effects of body size, composition, and blood pressure on adult cardiac structure begin in childhood, with childhood BMI in particular having a significant impact on cardiac structure [20,21,22,23,24,25,26]
Two studies from the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) found that childhood BMI was significantly associated with abnormal left ventricular mass (LVM) in adulthood [25,26]
Summary
Cardiac structure measurements (like left ventricular mass, or LVM) have been shown to independently predict the incidence of several events attributable to cardiovascular disease, including fatality [1]. Cardiac function measurements (like left ventricular shortening fraction or ejection fraction) have been found associated with contemporaneous BMI [18] and blood pressure [18,19]. These findings imply a deep and possibly complex interaction between body size, adiposity, cardiac structure and function, and cardiovascular health outcomes. In light of this interconnection, there is growing evidence that the effects of body size, composition, and blood pressure on adult cardiac structure begin in childhood, with childhood BMI in particular having a significant impact on cardiac structure [20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. The literature on associations between childhood anthropomorphic measurements and adult cardiac function is sparse
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