Abstract
In this paper, the effects of CuO sintering aids on microstructure and electric properties are investigated for the non-stoichiometric (Na0.48K0.473Li0.04Sr0.007)(Nb0.883Ta0.05Sb0.06Ti0.007)O3+x mol% CuO lead free ceramics. As the amounts of CuO equal 1 mol%, the sintering temperature is 975 °C and the piezoelectric parameters are d33 = 200 pC/N, g33 = 38 (10−3 Vm/N), d33 × g33 = 7600 (10−15 m2/N), kp = 0.38, Qm = 240, Pr = 18.93 μC/cm2 and EC = 8.75 kV/cm. The piezoelectric properties are changed to hard type and suitable for energy harvester with multilayer technology. The physical response mechanisms are suggested that the diffused phase transitions are enhanced, the Cu2+ ions substitute for the B-site ions with forming the Oxygen vacancies and the domain walls are pinning.
Highlights
The piezoelectric effect has been widely used in various piezoelectric components, such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, sensors, actuators, ultrasonic motors, transducers, speakers and energy harvesting
Kim et al and Yin et al suggested that the CuO additives dissolve into NKLNTS-ST and become a new solid solution [14,15]
The maximum spontaneous polarization, additives and the appropriate piezoelectric properties are obtained with d33 = 200 pC/N, the minimum coercive electric field, the largest density, the optimum diffused phase g33 = 38 (10−3 Vm/N), d33 × g33 = 7600 (10−15 m2/N), kp = 0.38, Qm = 240, Pr = 18.93 μC/cm2 and behavior and the theresults optimum pinning effects are obtained as 1reports mol% CuO additives
Summary
The piezoelectric effect has been widely used in various piezoelectric components, such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, sensors, actuators, ultrasonic motors, transducers, speakers and energy harvesting. The sintering aids like CuO, LiF, ZnO, Li2 CO3 , Bi2 O3 and MnO2 effectively decrease the sintering temperature for the NKN-based ceramics and improve the mechanical quality factor without reducing the piezoelectric properties [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The CuO sintering aids improve the grains growth and density for NKN-based ceramics and Cu2+ ions which as an acceptor substitute for the B-site ions and create the oxygen vacancies for charge balance This mechanism can increase the quality factor Qm by preventing the movement of domain walls and the materials are changed to the hard piezoelectric properties [5,6,7,9]. Curie-Weiss law, and the piezoelectric properties are estimated by the resonant frequency method and ferroelectric hysteresis loops
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