Abstract
Based on their mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance, some commercial Ni-Cr stainless steels have been widely applied as biomaterials, including the austenitic 304 stainless steel, the austenitic 316 stainless steel, the duplex 2205 stainless steel, and the ferritic 430 stainless steel. In order to reduce the occurrence of infections resulting from biomaterial implants, instruments, and medical devices, Cu2+ and Ag2+ ions have been added onto biomaterials for increasing the antibacterial properties, but they are known to damage biofilm. The occurrence of nanoparticles can also improve the antibacterial properties of biomaterials through various methods. In this study, we used Escherichia coli and analyzed the microstructures of American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 430 stainless steel with a 0.18 mass % N alloy element. During a lower temperature aging, the microstructure of the as-quenched specimen is essentially a ferrite and martensite duplex matrix with some Cr2N precipitates formed. Additionally, the antibacterial properties of the alloy for E. coli ranged from 3% to 60%, consistent with the presence of Cr2N precipitates. When aged at a lower temperature, which resulted in nano-Cr2N precipitation, the specimen possessed the highest antibacterial activity.
Highlights
IntroductionDue to their good mechanical properties, malleability, and wear resistance, metals are widely applied as bio-implant materials, such as fracture fixation devices or artificial joints in plastic surgery [1]
Due to their good mechanical properties, malleability, and wear resistance, metals are widely applied as bio-implant materials, such as fracture fixation devices or artificial joints in plastic surgery [1].In particular, stainless steels and titanium alloys are commonly used in this application for their good corrosion resistance [2,3]
It is revealing that the addition of nitrogen on the ferritic 430 stainless steel would destroy E. coli cells, resulting in an increased bacterial rate
Summary
Due to their good mechanical properties, malleability, and wear resistance, metals are widely applied as bio-implant materials, such as fracture fixation devices or artificial joints in plastic surgery [1]. Stainless steels and titanium alloys are commonly used in this application for their good corrosion resistance [2,3]. The austenitic 304 and 316 stainless steels are used for coronary stents, bone replacement, fracture fixation, stents, hip stems, spinal implants, and cables. The ferritic 430 stainless steel is used in surgical and dental instruments. Titanium alloys are used in bone replacement, load-bearing sites, hip or dental prostheses, spinal cages, and artificial hip joints [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
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