Abstract
Soybean stem necrosis is caused by cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. CPMMV has already been recorded in all major soybean-producing areas of Brazil. The impacts caused by CPMMV to the current Brazilian soybean production are unknown, thus the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CPMMV infection on the main important soybean cultivars grown in the Southern and Midwestern regions of Brazil. Although asymptomatic in some of the tested cultivars, CPMMV infection significantly reduced the plant height, the number of pods per plant and the 1,000-grain weight. In addition, estimated yield losses ranged from 174 to 638 kg ha−1, depending on the cultivar. Evidence of seed transmission of CPMMV was observed in the BMX POTÊNCIA RR cultivar. These results suggest that CPMMV could have an important role in the reduction of soybean productivity in Brazil, but symptomless infections might be hiding the actual impact of this pathogen in commercial fields and infected seeds could be the primary inoculum source of the virus in the field.
Highlights
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) is an important crop worldwide as a source of oilseed and protein
Virus characterization and phylogenetic analysis Based on pairwise sequence comparision, the complete genome of the cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) isolate Casa Banca_BR GenBank accession number MT473963 obtained in this study showed 99% of nucleotide identity with the KC774020—Bean (FL_USA), KC884245—Soybean (Brazil_MG), KC884244—Soybean (Brazil_MG) and KC884246—Soybean (Brazil_MT)
There are few CPMMV complete sequences published in GenBank, the analysis showed that the isolate used in this study is representative to the Brazilian isolates
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) is an important crop worldwide as a source of oilseed and protein. Brazil is the second largest producer of soybean in the world, producing 114.8 million tons in a cultivated area of 35.8 million hectares in the 2018/2019 growing season. In Brazil, soybean is the most important economic crop, generating approximately 675 million US$ to the internal market and 31 billion US$ to exportation (Hirakuri & Lazzarotto, 2014; Conab, 2018). Effects of cowpea mild mottle virus on soybean cultivars in Brazil.
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