Abstract
Traditionally, Morus rubra L. (Moraceae) (red mulberry) and Cornus mas L. (Cornacea) (cornelian cherry) fruits are eaten fresh and are also used in marmalades, juices, jam, natural dyes in Turkey and are believed to have beneficial effects in case of multiple health issues such as antipyretic, diarrhea and intestinal parasites. However, the effects of M. rubra and C. mas on epilepsy has not been known. This study evaluates the effects of M. rubra and C. mas extracts on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Sixty Wistar rats randomly divided into ten groups (n=6): control, sham, penicillin, penicillin+M. rubra extract (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and penicillin+C. mas extract (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg). Epileptiform activity was induced by using penicillin (500 IU, i.c.) and electrocorticogram records (150 min) were obtained. Also, biochemical analysis in blood samples were evaluated. According to the electrocorticogram analysis, the effective dose was detected as 10 mg/kg for both C. mas and M. rubra. This dose decreased the spike frequencies of convulsions while amplitude wasn't changed by both substances. In erythrocyte studies, there were significant differences regarding nitric oxide in the control, sham and penicillin groups. There were significant differences regarding malondialdehyde in all groups. In the plasma, there were significant differences among groups regarding xanthine oxidase in the penicillin‑C. mas and penicillin‑M. rubra groups. There were differences regarding malondialdehyde in the penicillin-C. mas and M. rubra-C. mas groups. Both extracts reduced the frequency of epileptiform activity. After administration of the extracts malondialdehyde levels decreased also in both erythrocytes and plasma.
Highlights
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic diseases that has detrimental and physical effects
In this study, randomized controlled experimental studies were done with the aim of evaluating the effects of Cornus mas and Morus rubra extracts on epileptiform activity and oxidative stress
There was no change in Nitric oxide (NO) levels with the administration of cornelian cherry and red mulberry compared to the penicillin group
Summary
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic diseases that has detrimental and physical effects. The protective effect of cornelian cherry fruit was demonstrated in the process of oxidation of proteins and lipoproteins by decreasing the levels of protein carbonyl and thiol groups and increasing the activity of paraoxonase‐1 in the brain tissue of rats (Francik et al 2014) These compounds have been considered as promising candidates as potential protectors against lipid and protein oxidation and as neuroprotective agents of the brain or as potential supplements for glutamate excitotoxicity related neurologic disorders such as epilepsy (Per et al 2013). Epileptic activity was induced by penicillin and cornelian cherry and red mulberry extracts were given intraperitoneally to Wistar rats After these procedures the enzymatic antioxidants which are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and NO, the oxidant stress indicators XO and MDA and non‐enzymatic antioxidants, namely flavonoids and phenolic compounds were evaluated. This study evaluates the role of enzymatic antioxidants, oxidants and non‐enzymatic antioxidants on epilepsy
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