Abstract
Various ways are sought today to increase mechanical properties of steels while maintaining their good strength and ductility. Besides effective alloying strategies, one method involves preserving a certain amount of retained austenite in a martensitic matrix. The steel which was chosen as an experimental material for this investigation contained 2.5% manganese, 2.09% silicon and 1.34% chromium, with additions of nickel and molybdenum. An actual closed-die forged part was made of this steel. This forged part was fitted with thermocouples attached to its surface and placed in its interior and then treated using the Q&P process. Q&P process is characterized by rapid cooling from a soaking temperature to a quenching temperature, which is between the Ms and the Mf, and subsequent reheating to and holding at a partitioning temperature where retained austenite becomes stable. The quenchant was hot water. Cooling took place in a furnace. Heat treatment profiles were constructed from the thermocouple data and the process was then replicated in a thermomechanical simulator. The specimens obtained in this manner were examined using metallographic techniques. The effects of cooling rate on mechanical properties and the amount of retained austenite were assessed. The resultant ultimate strength was around 2100 MPa. Elongation and the amount of retained austenite were 15% and 17%, respectively. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the specimens were then compared to the real-world forged part in order to establish whether physical simulation could be employed for laboratory-based optimization of heat treatment of forgings.
Highlights
One of the current trends, in the forging industry, is to achieve good mechanical properties and long life in products at minimized costs
4 Results and discussion All the microstructures consisted of a majority of martensite, a small amount of bainite and various volume fractions of retained austenite (Fig. 7a – 9a).The volume fraction of retained austenite in the martensitic matrix and other mechanical properties varied with the local cooling rate (Table 2, Fig. 5, Fig. 6)
A large volume fraction of retained austenite (17%) in the martensitic matrix of this specimen was found by X-ray diffraction analysis
Summary
One of the current trends, in the forging industry, is to achieve good mechanical properties and long life in products at minimized costs. The effects of cooling rate on mechanical properties and the amount of retained austenite were assessed. 2.1 Data acquisition and development of physical simulation regimes First, a closed-die forged part was made of the experimental steel (Fig. 1).
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