Abstract
Most research on the effects of implicit and explicit conditions, especially that which is pedagogically oriented, has been limited in terms of outcome measures. This stems from an over-reliance on accuracy data as the only dependent variable in measuring the differential effects of conditions. Accuracy data provide information on the static outcome, or product, of an input condition, but are unable to inform us about the dynamic processing profiles that underlie this product. This chapter outlines a more detailed perspective on the contributions of explicit and implicit conditions in second language (L2) development. Specifically, it highlights recent research which has used accuracy data in combination with online measures of processing in order to better characterize the effects of conditions on L2 learning and development.
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