Abstract
The flow properties of milk concentrates covering a solid content range of 12.7% to 40.4% made from freshwhole milk were determined with a double concentric cylinder geometry in a rotational rheometer. Shear stress orapparent viscosity corresponding to a 500 to 1000 s1 shear rate range were recorded; and from these shear rate-shearstress data the flow nature of milk concentrates was evaluated. The rheological behavior of milk concentrates wasrepresented by parameters corresponding to Newton, Power Law, or Herschel-Bulkley equations, depending on the solidcontent level. The flow behavior index (n) and the consistency coefficient (K) were exponentially correlated to milkconcentration. The consistency coefficient followed the Arrhenius temperature relationship and the activation energy forthe concentrates ranged from 4.3 to 6.1 kcal/gmole. These two rheological parameters (n and K) significantly changedwith concentration and temperature. The consistency coefficient was correlated to concentration and absolutetemperature by a simple mathematical relationship, which is useful for equipment and process design.
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