Abstract
The compressive strengths of fly ash-based alkali-activated materials (AAM), produced using various activators of only sodium hydroxide, were measured. Fly ash-based AAM specimens, produced by mixing different kinds of fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFs) with an activator containing only sodium hydroxide, were cured at ambient temperature, and then placed in air for different numbers of days. The short- and long-term compressive strengths and shrinkage of fly ash-based AAM were measured and compared to one another. The effects of type of fly ash, alkali-equivalent content, GGBFs replace percentage, and ages on the compressive strengths and shrinkage of fly ash-based AAM were investigated. Even when different fly ash was used as the raw material for AAM, a similar compressive strength can be achieved by alkali-equivalent content, GGBFs replaces percentage. However, the performance of shrinkage due to different types of fly ash differed significantly.
Highlights
The latest UN figures suggest that despite current government commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, atmospheric concentrations continue to rise, keeping the earth on a trajectory to levels of warming that will precipitate further environmental, social, and economic disruption and suffering on unprecedented scales [1]
Research findings indicated that alkali-activated high Ca substances usually have more severe drying shrinkage than cement matrix [15,16], and the physical properties of raw material are the key factor in the degree of dry shrinkage
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the powder shown in Figure 1, which were obtained at a scanning rate of 2θ/min and over a scanning range of 10◦–80◦, revealed different amorphous characteristics
Summary
The latest UN figures suggest that despite current government commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, atmospheric concentrations continue to rise, keeping the earth on a trajectory to levels of warming that will precipitate further environmental, social, and economic disruption and suffering on unprecedented scales [1]. Geopolymer technology is a very effective industrial innovation, which uses the material made of aluminosilicate mineral and alkaline activity bath reaction, wherein most of the silicate mineral can be replaced by industrial waste It was named “geopolymer” by Joseph Davidovits in 1979 [7]; the amorphous semicrystalline tri-dimensional alumino-silicates can rapidly form natural alumino-silicates solid materials under normal temperature through alkali reactivity. The geopolymer has an excellent heat resistance and fire resistance, and its carbon emission is lower than that of the conventional Portland cement [8] It is regarded as a potential substitute building material that can be extensively. Research findings indicated that alkali-activated high Ca substances usually have more severe drying shrinkage than cement matrix [15,16], and the physical properties of raw material are the key factor in the degree of dry shrinkage. This study employed three kinds of fly ash for a series of the same tests, aiming to distinguish heterogeneous fly ash
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