Abstract
BackgroundIodine is a key component of thyroid hormones that are critical for normal development of the brain and nervous system in utero. Recent results indicate that two thirds of pregnant women in Europe have sub-optimal iodine nutrition. In Norway, milk and seafood are the most important dietary iodine sources and contributes to about 80% of the intake.MethodTwo-armed randomized trial where 137 pregnant women were randomized to either receiving cod twice weekly, or continue with habitual diet for 16 weeks (pregnancy week 20–36). Socioeconomic- and demographic factors, dietary information and biological (urine, blood, and hair) samples are collected pre- and post-intervention, and at six weeks, three-, six-, and eleven months postpartum. Biological samples (urine, blood, and hair) of the infant are collected at six weeks, three-, six-, and eleven months postnatal. Child development is assessed by The Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition, at eleven months, and by parent report on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd edition, and Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional at three-, six-, and eleven months.DiscussionThe Mommy’s Food study will provide knowledge on changes in iodine nutrition when consuming iodine rich fish during pregnancy and contribute to the understanding of the impact of iodine status in pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment.Trial registrationThis study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02610959). Registered November 17, 2015.
Highlights
Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones that are critical for normal development of the brain and nervous system in utero
The iodine requirement during pregnancy is greatly increased because the mother synthesizes approximately 50% more T4 to maintain maternal euthyroidism and to transfer thyroid hormones to the fetus prior to gestational week 20, and because iodine needs to be transferred to the fetus for fetal thyroid hormone production post gestational week 20
For the participants in the study, their tolerable weekly intake (TWI) is calculated based on the 5-percentile weight of the women in the Little in Norway cohort, n = 828 (5 percentile = 56 kg)
Summary
Insufficient iodine status in pregnancy is a public health concern. The Norwegian Health Authorities recently published a report acknowledging the need for urgent action to secure iodine nutrition in the population [29]. The present study will be able to confirm these associations between iodine and development, and test whether the same areas of development are impacted by the dietary intervention. This RCT will provide valuable research data on other hypotheses regarding methodological considerations, maternal and infant nutrition, mental health and infant development. Completion of follow up at six weeks, three months-, six months, and eleven months are December 2017, January 2018, April 2018, and September 2018, respectively. This is protocol version number 01, issue date 17 January 2018
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