Abstract
Abstract The role of surface friction in modifying cold fronts as they make landfall in regions of steep coastal orography is examined by means of idealized simulations. Both the effects of the surface-roughness change at the coast in the absence of orography and the effects of orography are considered. Flow over a large and abrupt change in surface roughness generates an inertia–gravity wave above the boundary layer with characteristics similar to that associated with flow over a plateau. Deceleration of the cross-coast flow occurs over land, as well as for a short distance upstream, and causes retardation of frontal motion. A prescribed northerly postfrontal jet weakens rapidly after landfall. Maximum vertical motions are several centimeters per second; however, only small rainfall enhancement is expected since the updraft is very narrow and produces only small vertical displacements. Friction modifies the flow over the orography by increasing the upstream flow deceleration and reducing the magnitude of...
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