Abstract
This paper attempts to examine the relationship between climate change and pearl millet production in Nigeria. It discusses the origin, distribution of the species with some of their properties including production constraints in the Sub Saharan Africa and Nigeria in particular. Northern states of Nigeria were found to be the dominant producers of pearl millets with Sokoto state having a total cultivated area of 747,580ha. Pearl millet was also found to be the major crop amongst others, useful for minimizing the adverse effect of climate change, hence facilitating income and food security among farming communities. Major production constraint of the crop in the Sub Saharan Africa, particularly in Nigeria is yield reduction and/or total crop failure caused by erratic seasonal rainfalls, floods, failing soil fertility and poor crop management practices. Biotic stress due to weeds such as Striga spp as well as insect pests and diseases pestilences is a constraint. Therefore, appropriate climate change mitigation efforts to improve pearl millet production and enhance food security should be adopted in the Sub Saharan Africa and Nigeria.Keywords: Climate change, pearl millet, Sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria
Highlights
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on global scale
The overall effect of climate change on agriculture depends on the balance of these effects
*Corresponding Author Email: isamagajiazare@gmail.com can even alter the distribution of agro-ecological zones; increased CO2 is expected to have a positive effect on agricultural production due to greater water use efficiency and higher rates of plant photosynthesis; runoff or water availability is critical in determining the impact of climate change on crop production, especially in Africa and agricultural losses can result from climate variability and the increased frequency of changes in temperatures and precipitation including droughts and floods (Kurukulasuriya and Rosenthal,2003; Azare, 2014)
Summary
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on global scale. There is growing evidence that climate change, higher temperatures, altered patterns of precipitation and increased frequency of extreme events such as drought and floods, is likely to depress crop yields and increase production risks in many world regions (Bagamba et al, 2012). Global warming is projected to have significant impact on conditions affecting food crop agriculture, including temperature, carbon dioxide, glacial run-off, precipitation and the interactions of these elements.
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