Abstract
Climate change has caused significant alterations in crop cultivation patterns and has affected crop suitability as well as its production. In this study, we investigated the changes in cultivation patterns and climate suitability of spring maize in Inner Mongolia from 1959 to 2018. We used the daily meteorological data from 50 weather stations and growth period data of spring maize from nine agrometeorological stations. In addition, the quantitative and interdecadal relationship between climate suitability of regions and climate-induced crop yield was analyzed using stepwise regression and cross wavelet transform. The results show that: (1) The planting boundaries of different spring maize maturity types extend to the north and east. In the middle part, early maturity maize has been replaced by medium maturity maize. The unsuitable planting areas in Northeast Inner Mongolia are decreasing, and the early maturity areas are increasing. (2) The climate suitability for spring maize planting areas is increasing. However, variations occur between different regions; the eastern region has the highest climate suitability (Sz = 0.67), but the overall trend is decreasing in this region. Whereas the central region has moderate suitability (Sz = 0.62), with a significantly increasing trend (p < 0.05). The western region is lower (Sz = 0.60) and the trend is not significant. (3) Climate suitability and climate-induced yields are generally positively correlated. The primary factors affecting climate-induced yields are sunshine hours, followed by climate suitability, rainfall, and temperature. The cross-wavelet transform shows that climate suitability and climate-induced yield have greater periodicity in the late growth period. Appropriate expansion of the planting range of medium-late maturity spring maize can fully adapt to the impact of climate warming. Therefore, it is necessary to study suitability trends of regions to adopt comprehensive maize production measures.
Highlights
IntroductionAgriculture is one of the sectors that is most vulnerable to climate change [1,2,3,4]
In the present study, existing research data on the heat required by different maize varieties was combined with the planting range, and the spring maize planting area was roughly classified into six groups: early maturity, medium-early maturity, medium maturity, medium-late maturity, late maturity, and unsuitable planting cultivation areas (Table 1)
The rainfall during the spring maize growth period ranged from 20.1 mm to 452.8 mm, showing an increasing trend from west to east
Summary
Agriculture is one of the sectors that is most vulnerable to climate change [1,2,3,4]. The demand for food will increase in the few decades due to population pressure [5], negatively affecting food security and the ecological environment [6,7]. The frequent occurrence of extreme meteorological disasters, such as high temperatures, droughts, and floods caused by climate change, has seriously affected agricultural production and economic development [8,9,10]. Understanding the impact of climate change on agricultural production is important to ensure sustainable agricultural development and food security [11,12]
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