Abstract
BackgroundThe efficacy of chocolate milk (CM) as a recovery beverage following a period of increased training duration (ITD) was studied in intercollegiate soccer players.Methods13 subjects completed one week of normal 'baseline' training followed by four days of ITD. After each day of ITD, subjects received either a high-carbohydrate (504 kcal; CHO: 122 g; 2 g Fat) or isocaloric CM (504 kcal; 84 g CHO; 28 g Pro; 7 g Fat) recovery beverage. Serum creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), muscle soreness, fatigue ratings and isometric quadriceps force (MVC) were obtained prior to ITD, and following 2- and 4-days of ITD. Performance tests (T-drill, vertical jump) were performed within training sessions. Treatments were administered in a randomly counterbalanced protocol, and subjects repeated the procedures with the alternate beverage following a two-week washout period.ResultsMean daily training time and HR increased (p < 0.05) between baseline training and ITD, with no differences between treatments. No treatment*time effects were observed for Mb, muscle soreness, fatigue ratings and MVC. However, serum CK was significantly lower (p < 0.05) following four days of ITD with CM (316.9 ± 188.3 U·L-1) compared to CHO (431.6 ± 310.8 U·L-1). No treatment differences were observed for the performance tests.ConclusionsPost-exercise CM provided similar muscle recovery responses to an isocaloric CHO beverage during four-days of ITD. Future studies should investigate if the attenuated CK levels observed with CM have functional significance during more demanding periods of training.
Highlights
The efficacy of chocolate milk (CM) as a recovery beverage following a period of increased training duration (ITD) was studied in intercollegiate soccer players
Recovery Variables & Performance Tests The effects of ITD and supplementation (CHO and CM) on recovery variables are included in Table 4 and Figures 1 &2
Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels rose significantly following PreITD, and CK was significantly different between treatments at the Post4 time-point (Figure 1)
Summary
The efficacy of chocolate milk (CM) as a recovery beverage following a period of increased training duration (ITD) was studied in intercollegiate soccer players. Increased carbohydrate intake immediately following exercise results in faster rates of muscle glycogen replenishment [1,2] and can attenuate symptoms of overreaching during periods of intensified endurance training, such as negative mood states, increased perceived exertion, and impaired performance [3]. The addition of protein to post-exercise carbohydrate feedings can influence recovery from heavy exercise. Chocolate milk (CM) has been investigated recently as a potential recovery beverage, as it contains carbohydrate and protein in similar amounts to CHO+Pro beverages associated with improved post-exercise recovery. Two studies reported that CM consumption following a heavy endurance exercise session was associated with equal [22] or superior [23] performance during subsequent exercise compared to carbohydrate alone. Cockburn et al [5] reported that compared to carbohydrate beverages, CM ingestion during recovery from heavy eccentric exercise improved peak torque and total work during subsequent exercise. The carbohydrate beverages utilized in each of these studies contained fewer calories than CM, so it is possible that the purported benefits may have been related to caloric differences between treatments
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