Abstract
Chlortetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used as an oral medication in ruminants. However, this antibiotic affects the rumen microbial population, thereby upsetting the normal microbiota of ruminants. This study determined whether our newly developed chlortetracycline rumen-protected granules are relatively harmless to rumen microorganisms while effective against lamb E. coli diarrhea. We used a qPCR assay to quantify selected rumen microorganisms from lambs treated with or without oral chlortetracycline. We also assessed bacterial diversity in the rumen by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lambs were divided into three groups: one group given with oral chlortetracycline granules for 7 days; one group with chlortetracycline premix; and one without treatment. Rumen fluid was collected on 0 d, 7 d, and 14 d of the experiment. In the therapeutic effect trial, cases of naturally E. coli-infected lamb with diarrhea were selected and divided into low, medium, and high dose groups of granules, premix, infection control, and healthy control groups. Treatments were continuously administered for 7 days, and animals were observed for 14 days after drug withdrawal to score and evaluate the treatment effect. Results of qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the granules could diminish the impact of chlortetracycline on rumen microorganisms compared with the premix. The diarrhea therapeutic effect trial showed that the oral administration of the chlortetracycline rumen-protected granules at the dose of 30 mg/kg·bw/d for 7 days could effectively treat lamb diarrhea caused by E. coli. In conclusion, we provide a new drug preparation of chlortetracycline that can diminish the effect on the rumen microbiota while treating diarrhea caused by E. coli.
Highlights
The rumen is a unique digestive organ that provides a complex microbial ecosystem for ruminants
For R. albus and Methanogens, there were no significant differences in gene copy numbers between granules and control groups; the premix group showed significantly lower copy numbers than granules and control groups after 7 days of drug administration, resulting in recovery to pre-administration level after the treatment (Figures 1F,G)
We observed a significant difference in average weight gain among the chlortetracycline rumenprotected granules medium-dose group, health control group, and infection control group (P < 0.01)
Summary
The rumen is a unique digestive organ that provides a complex microbial ecosystem for ruminants. In the rumen microbial ecosystem, bacteria have the most significant. Effects of CTC Rumen-Protected Granules number and contribute the most during microbial digestion. The development of the rumen plays a vital role in the growth of young ruminants and, in turn, directly affects the ability of adults to digest nutrients. It is crucial to identify which factors influence the development of rumen microorganisms in young ruminants. Common factors affecting rumen microorganisms include diet [2,3,4,5], environment [6], feeding methods [7, 8], and drugs [9, 10]
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