Abstract
A reduction in estrogen levels in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods causes various symptoms in women, such as hot flushes, sweats, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Chlorogenic acids (CGAs), which are phenolic compounds widely present in plants such as coffee beans, have various physiological functions. However, the effects of CGAs on menopausal symptoms are unknown. To examine the effects of CGAs on menopausal symptoms, especially hot flushes, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial was conducted in healthy women. Eighty-two subjects were randomized and assigned to receive CGAs (270 mg) tablets or the placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of intake, the number of hot flushes, the severity of hot flushes during sleep, and the severity of daytime sweats decreased significantly in the CGA group compared to the placebo group. The modified Kupperman index for menopausal symptoms decreased significantly after 2 weeks in the CGA group compared to the placebo group. Adverse effects caused by CGAs were not observed. The results show that continuous intake of CGAs resulted in improvements in menopausal symptoms, especially hot flushes, in healthy women.
Highlights
Peri- and postmenopausal women are afflicted by various physical and psychological disorders that are collectively referred to as menopausal symptoms, including hot flushes, sweats, insomnia, and anxiety
Supplements that have been shown to be effective in improving sleep; pregnant, breastfeeding, Of the 82 subjects, three in the placebo group withdrew from the study
At week 4, we found significant differences in the severity of hot flushes during sleep and daytime sweats between the placebo and Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) groups according to the Wilcoxon rank-sum test
Summary
Peri- and postmenopausal women are afflicted by various physical and psychological disorders that are collectively referred to as menopausal symptoms, including hot flushes, sweats, insomnia, and anxiety. In the equol study [16], subjects were Japanese women who experienced hot flushes approximately three times a day on average; dietary nutrients that reduce the relatively infrequent hot flushes may be more effective for Japanese women during menopause. CGAs have been documented to have antitumor [19] and antioxidant [20] effects in addition to effects in improving vascular endothelial function and hypertension [21] and reducing body fat [22]. Recent studies have reported that the continuous intake of CGAs improves autonomic nervous system activity [23] and sleep quality [24]; the effects on women’s menopausal symptoms are unknown. The effects of the continuous intake of CGAs on menopausal symptoms, especially hot flushes, were examined in healthy menopausal women
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