Effects of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) distillation wastewater on antioxidant status, immune response, cecal microbial population, growth performance and meat quality in broiler chickens

Abstract

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) distillation wastewater (CDWW) is a dark viscous liquid obtained as a by-product of the processing of industrial chicory (Cichorium intybus). The current study aimed to investigate the influence of dietary CDWW on growth performance, oxidative status, immune response, meat quality, and cecal microbial population of broiler chicken. In total, 400 one-d-old male chickens (Ross 308) were allotted into four groups in ten replicates of 10 chickens each. The 1st group was fed a basal diet without CDWW (control), whereas the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups were fed diets containing CDWW (15, 30, and 45 mL/kg diet, respectively) for 42 days. At day 42 of age, CDWW significantly increased body weight gain (P < 0.01), improved feed efficiency, and reduced mortality rate (P < 0.05). Treatments did not have a significant effect on feed intake. The 30 and 45 mL of CDWW groups showed an increase in hematological values than other groups (P < 0.05). The ALT, AST, ALP, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentration in serum were lower and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) were greater in 30 and 45 mL /kg of CDWW groups than other groups (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum, liver, breast, and lipid peroxide (LPO) in breast decreased by 30 and 45 mL of CDWW supplementation (P < 0.05). The oxidative enzymes activities in serum, liver, and breast were greater in 30 and 45 mL /kg of CDWW than other groups (P < 0.05). Also, quality properties and composition of beast were improved and ceceal harmful microbial counts were decreased by the 30 and 45 mL /kg of CDWW (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the CDWW at 30 and 45 mL /kg improved the broiler's performance, meat quality, as well as blood indices and cecal microbial load by enhancing antioxidant activities and suppressing lipid peroxidation in meat.