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Abstract
The actctivated carbon + solar radiation membrane is an eco-friendly soil disinfestations method for managing soil-borne plant pathogens. However, little was known the impact of Activated carbon + solar radiation membrane on bacterial community structure in strawberry production systems under field conditions. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of different soil disinfection methods on the bacterial community structure is fundamental to understand the role of disinfection in maintaining soil health. The changes in the soil bacterial diversity and community composition were detected using realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR (RTFQ PCR) and next-generation sequencing techniques to better understand the effect of soil disinfection. The bacterial community composition was monitored after disinfection using dazomet (DZ), chloropicrin (CP), 100 kg/ha activated carbon + solar radiation membrane (AC1), 200 kg/ha activated carbon + solar radiation membrane (AC2), and 300 kg/ha activated carbon + solar radiation membrane (AC3) and compared with the control (CT). The results indicated that the different dosages of activated carbon (AC1, AC2, and AC3) did not affect the bacterial community structure. On the other hand, DZ and CP considerably reduced the soil biomass and abundance of bacterial species. Chemical fumigants influenced the bacterial community structure, with DZ treatment leading to the dominance of the phylum Firmicutes, accounting for approximately 54%. After fumigation with CP, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla. Beta diversity analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed that the bacterial communities in the soil treated with DZ and CP formed clusters. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH, available potassium, and available phosphorus were the key factors influencing microbial metabolic functional diversity. Thus, it was verified that the damage caused by activated carbon + solar radiation membrane—a potential alternative for chemical fumigant—to the soil bacterial community was less than that caused by chemicals DZ and CP.
Highlights
As a result of the shortage of land resources, the changes in the cultivation habits of farmers to reap economic benefits such as planting the same crop and high input of water and fertilizers has become common phenomena in the cultivation of protected crops in China [1,2]
When the treatment was carried out using different dosages of activated carbon—AC1, AC2, and AC3—no significant changes were observed in total nitrogen (TN), AK, and available phosphorus (AP) in soil (p > 0.05)
The results revealed that different dosages of activated carbon did not significantly affect the structure and composition of the original soil bacterial community, which was consistent with the previous results [32,33]
Summary
As a result of the shortage of land resources, the changes in the cultivation habits of farmers to reap economic benefits such as planting the same crop (including continuous cropping and simple rotation) and high input of water and fertilizers has become common phenomena in the cultivation of protected crops in China [1,2]. Plantation of the same crop every year can result in changes in soil microflora and predominant microorganisms [3,4]. This makes the soil vulnerable and leads to the deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, accumulation of plant autotoxins, reduction in microbial diversity, and increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria, leading to continuous cropping obstacles. Continuous cropping can destroy the soil microbial community structure and species diversity, promote the growth and accumulation of pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit the propagation of beneficial microorganisms, and significantly reduce the crop yield [11,12,13]. It is important to study the role of soil microorganisms in preventing continuous cropping obstacles to control soil-borne diseases effectively and to realize the sustainable development of a protected cultivation system
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