Effects of cervical sympathetic stimulation on cerebral and ocular blood flows during hemorrhagic hypotension and moderate hypoxia.

Abstract

The effect of cervical sympathetic stimulation upon regional blood flows was investigated in albino rabbits during graded hemorrhagic hypotension and mild to moderate hypoxic hypoxia. Regional blood flows were determined using labelled microspheres. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreased in response to progressive hypotension and increased considerably during hypoxia (100-200%). Unilateral sympathetic stimulation did not change the ipsilateral cerebral flow responses under either condition. There was a greater tendency to autoregulate down to lower blood pressures in deep than in superficial cerebral structures. During hypoxia cortical gray matter blood flow increased relatively more than did white matter blood flow. Blood flow in different parts of the eye decreased during hypotension and tended to increase during hypoxia. Unilateral sympathetic stimulation reduced flow rates on the stimulated side (10-50% of control side) under both conditions. The vasoconstrictory effect upon retinal blood flow tended, however, to be less during hypoxia. Dural blood flow showed a poor autoregulation and also no consistent vasodilatory response upon hypoxia. Sympathetic stimulation had a very marked effect. The results suggest that the cervical sympathetic nerves do not have any appreciable effect upon cerebral circulation during profound hypotensive and moderate hypoxic states. Dural and most ocular blood flows seem, however, to be clearly affected by sympathetic stimulation even under these extreme conditions.