Abstract
Teleost B cells have phagocytic activities for ingesting particulate antigens, such as bacteria, in addition to the functional secretion of immunoglobulins (Igs). In the present study, the phagocytic activities of IgM+ B cells under various differentiational conditions residing in peripheral blood leukocytes were investigated in a teleost fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The IgM+ B cells were recognized as IgMlo or IgMhi subsets based on their membrane IgM (mIgM) levels. The mIgM, secreted IgM (sIgM), major histocompatibility complex class II and reactive oxygen species were detected. Expressions of transcription factors (Pax5 and Blimp-1) and B cell signaling molecules (CD79a, CD79b, BLNK, and LYN) suggested that IgMlo B cells were resembling as plasma-like cells and IgMhi resembling as naïve/mature B cells, respectively. Analysis of phagocytic activities demonstrated that both IgMlo and IgMhi B cells have a similar phagocytic ability (phagocytosis percentage); however, the phagocytic capacity [phagocytic index and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)] of IgMhi B cells was significantly higher than that of IgMlo B cells. Taken together, the results indicated that B cell differentiation may cause the decrease of phagocytic capacity but not phagocytic ability of phagocytic IgM+ B cells in teleost. The finding may provide an evolutionary evidence for understanding the greater specialization of the B cell in more sophisticated adaptive humoral immunity, by decreasing phagocytic activity in order to contribute its function more specifically into antibody-secreting.
Highlights
Phagocytosis is an important defense against pathogen infection in innate immunity, which is a bridge linking innate immunity and adaptive immunity as well [1]
In order to investigate the IgM+ B cells in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of Nile tilapia, we firstly gated the lymphocyte-like cell population based on their lower forward scatter (FSC) and sideward scatter (SSC) patterns (Figure 1A, upper left panel)
Among the gated cell population, a total of 34.6% cells were detected as IgM+ B cells, and the histogram showed two distinct populations, which were designed as IgMhi (21.3%) and IgMlo B cells (13.3%), respectively (Figure 1A, upper right panels)
Summary
Phagocytosis is an important defense against pathogen infection in innate immunity, which is a bridge linking innate immunity and adaptive immunity as well [1]. Macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, and dendritic cells are generally considered as professional phagocytes. B cells are antibody (Ab)-producing cells, which can produce immunoglobulins (Igs) to neutralize certain antigens, seemed unable to phagocytose antigenic particles in mammals [3]. Teleost fish B cells, as well as B cells of amphibians (Xenopus laevis), were firstly demonstrated to be phagocytic and microbicidal, and their phagocytic function has been characterized as that of professional phagocytes [4]. Thereafter, the function of B cell phagocytic ability in teleost has been identified in many fish
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