Abstract
Effects of addition of raw cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) or its decarboxylated form (D-CNSL or cardanol) on curing characteristics, physical properties and temperature scanned stress relaxation were investigated. The study revealed that the CNSL containing high anacardic acid concentration acts as an acid activator and strongly affects curing behavior of NR compounds. The effective curing rate and curing efficiency, i.e., torque difference, crosslink density, and activation energy for curing, clearly increased with 2–5 phr of CNSL. Furthermore, physical properties and thermal stability also improved. However, when the acidity was removed by forming D-CNSL, the effects were totally different from those of the CNSL. The D-CNSL behaves like a plasticizer improving chain flexibility and might show dilution effects if used at a high content in the compound formulation. These effects are clearly seen in decreased curing rate and curing efficiency, together with slight losses of tensile properties, tear strength, and thermal stability, with D-CNSL addition.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
