Abstract
The aim of the study was to detect and compare the haemostatic variables and bleeding after 7‑days administration of carprofen or meloxicam in clinically healthy miniature pigs. Twenty-one clinically healthy Göttingen miniature pigs were divided into 3 groups. Selected haemostatic variables such as platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, serum biochemical variables such as total protein, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase and haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells and buccal mucosal bleeding time were assessed before and 7 days after daily intramuscular administration of saline (1.5 ml per animal, control group), carprofen (2 mg·kg-1) or meloxicam (0.1 mg·kg-1). In pigs receiving carprofen or meloxicam, the thrombin time was significantly increased (p< 0.01) compared to the control group. In animals receiving carprofen, serum urea and creatinine were significantly decreased, compared to the control (p< 0.01) or meloxicam (p< 0.05) groups. In pigs receiving meloxicam, serum urea was significantly decreased (p< 0.05) compared to the control group. Significant differences were not detected in other haemostatic, biochemical variables or bleeding time compared to other groups or to the pretreatment values. Intramuscular administration of carprofen or meloxicam in healthy miniature pigs for 7 days causes sporadic, but not clinically important changes of selected haemostatic variables. Therefore, we can recommend them for perioperative use, e.g. for their analgesic effects, in orthopaedic or other surgical procedures without increased bleeding.
Highlights
Surgeries often lead to tissue damage associated with inflammation
This study investigated the effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administered for a longer period of time (1 week), which should suggest possibilities of prolonged NSAID therapy in miniature pigs
Impairment of coagulation in miniature pigs after administration of carprofen or meloxicam can be induced by various factors, wrong technique of taking and processing samples being one of them (Vaden et al 2009)
Summary
Surgeries often lead to tissue damage associated with inflammation. In order to ensure an anti-inflammatory effect of analgesics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a suitable choice. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs often have to be administered for a long period of time in dependence on the extent of tissue damage and duration of the pain process. NSAIDs represent drugs of choice (Nolan and Reid 1993; Lascelles et al 1994) due to the low rate of adverse effects (Forsyth et al 1998; Reimer et al 1999). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs inhibit enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) that catalyzes reactions leading to production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes (Papich 1997). McKellar et al (1990, 1994) monitored thromboxane B2 as an indicator of COX activity of platelets and found that in vitro administration of carprofen did not impair the platelets’ production of thromboxane B2
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