Abstract
In this study, the potential of Carissa carandas Linn. as a natural anti-aging, antioxidant, and skin whitening agent was studied. Various parts of C. carandas, including fruit, leaf, seed, and pulp were sequentially extracted by maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography, Folin–Ciocalteu, and Dowd method were used to investigate their chemical compositions. The inhibitory activities of oxidation process, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were analyzed. Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay in a human epidermal keratinocyte line (HaCaT). The results exhibited that ethyl acetate could extract the most ursolic acid from C. carandas, while ethanol could extract the most phenolics and flavonoids. The leaf extract had the highest content of ursolic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids. The leaf extracted with ethyl acetate (AL) had the highest ursolic acid content (411.8 mg/g extract) and inhibited MMP-1, NF-kappa B, and tyrosinase activity the most. Ursolic acid has been proposed as a key component in these biological activities. Although several C. carandas extracts are beneficial to human skin, AL has been proposed for use in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals due to its superior anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammation, and whitening properties.
Highlights
Carissa carandas Linn. is a fruit-bearing plant that grows as a tiny shrub in the Apocynaceae family that is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical regions and has been used for centuries as a medicinal herb in the Ayurvedic, Unani, and Homeopathic systems [1]
C. carandas has been observed to possess a wide spectrum of phytochemical constituents that varied in each part of the plant and result in various biological activities
Ethanol could extract the greatest amount of phenolics and flavonoids from C. carandas
Summary
Carissa carandas Linn. is a fruit-bearing plant that grows as a tiny shrub in the Apocynaceae family that is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical regions and has been used for centuries as a medicinal herb in the Ayurvedic, Unani, and Homeopathic systems [1]. Is a fruit-bearing plant that grows as a tiny shrub in the Apocynaceae family that is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical regions and has been used for centuries as a medicinal herb in the Ayurvedic, Unani, and Homeopathic systems [1]. C. carandas has been observed to possess a wide spectrum of phytochemical constituents that varied in each part of the plant and result in various biological activities. Steroidal glycosides, phenolic compounds, and triterpenoidal constituents are abundant in the leaves [2,3]. As well as carissone and carindone, are present in the fruits [1] while the seeds contain fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid [4].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
