Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of carbon ion beam irradiation-induced mutation is essential to its potential application in plant breeding. A carbon ion beam-mutagenized soybean population was generated from the newly released soybean variety Dongsheng 28, with irradiation dosages of 100 Gy, 120 Gy and 140 Gy. Many phenotypic variations and novel mutants with heritable tendencies including plant height mutants, sterile mutants, early mature mutants, rolled leaves and short petioles mutants, yield-related mutants and lodging-resistant mutants were identified. Diverse variations in seed size, seed protein and oil concentration were found. Increasing irradiation dosage from 100 Gy to 140 Gy increased leaf chlorophyll concentration in M1 generation, but this effect was significantly reduced in M2 generation. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration all showed wider variation in M1 and M2 generation, the only exception being that the MDA concentration was similar to the control in the M2 generation. Overall, we suggest that treating soybean seeds with carbon ion beam irradiation at a dosage of 120 Gy (80 Mev/u) could be effective in soybean mutation breeding.
Highlights
Our previous report suggested that 100 Gy of carbon ion beam irradiation could be applied in soybean mutation breeding through the screening of 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 Gy dosages [33]
Though there was no significant difference between the control (78%) and 110 Gy treatment (71%) for the emergency rate (p < 0.05), the values of the emergence counts minus the final plant counts for the irradiance treatments of 70, 90, and 110 Gy were 49%, 44% and
The optimal radiation dose determines the success of mutation breeding [34]
Summary
Received: 7 December 2020Accepted: 21 January 2021Published: 25 January 2021Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Genetic mutation provides the possibility of creating new genotypes in which breeders can identify appropriate phenotypes with the desired genes [1]. In nature, the natural mutation rate is about 0.1%, while the use of mutagenic agents such as radiation and chemicals can increase the mutation rate to up to 3%, 100 or even 1000 times higher than natural mutations [2]. Thus, mutation breeding has been widely applied to create crop varieties and desired mutants [3]. So far, according to the database from the Joint
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