Abstract
The effect of different carbohydrates was tested on early somatic embryogenesis of Hevea brasiliensis. Sucrose was replaced with maltose, fructose or glucose. Somatic embryo production was significantly higher with maltose. With maltose, the initial yellow colour of the calli turned orange, and dry matter production after 28 days' culture was half that obtained with sucrose. Maltose also reduced the soluble sugar content by around 60%, whereas in the presence of sucrose, the soluble sugar content of calli increased. On maltose medium, embryonic cells were initiated after 2 weeks, whereas calli obtained on media containing sucrose mostly consisted of parenchymatous cells. The embryogenic cells rapidly formed into globular embryos. The origin of the `maltose' effect is discussed: is it carbohydrate stress or a signal molecule? The effect of maltose was checked on 6 Hevea callus lines maintained in the laboratory.
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