Effects of carbohydrate addition methods on Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Tran Huu Tinh,Taofik Adeiza Momoh,Fotini Kokou,Tran Ngoc Hai,Johan W Schrama,Johan A.J Verreth,Marc C.J Verdegem

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736890

Tran Huu Tinh, Taofik Adeiza Momoh + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736890

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Abstract

The addition of external carbohydrate in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture has shown positive effects on water quality and shrimp performance. However, this practice requires additional skills and labor, and therefore may not be widely adopted. This research investigated the potential to combine the carbon source and the feed in one pellet in shrimp culture. The carbon source used in this experiment was corn starch. The experiment was executed in 6 indoors mesocosms tanks, with full control of the water source, temperature, and light intensity and duration. The three treatments including COM-Feed (commercial feed), COM-Feed + CHO (commercial feed with separate corn starch addition), and CHO-Feed (pelleted diet made by incorporating additional corn starch into the commercial feed) were randomly assigned to the mesocosms tanks, and run two times consecutively. Adding corn starch separately resulted in higher shrimp biomass gain and protein efficiency ratio (P < 0.05), compared to dietary corn starch addition and no corn starch addition. Carbohydrate addition caused a significant drop in inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations in the water. The treatments had no effect on the biofloc and periphyton growth, and the proximate composition of shrimp, biofloc, and periphyton, however increased the eukaryotic microbial diversity in the bioflocs. Meanwhile, the carbohydrate addition reduced the dietary energy and carbon utilization efficiencies regardless of the carbohydrate addition methods.

Highlights

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important farmed species, accounting for more than 52% of global crustaceans production in 2018 (FAO, 2020)
The beneficial effects of carbohydrate additions into the water were demonstrated in several fish culture systems (e.g. Magondu et al, 2013; Perez-Fuentes et al, 2016) and shrimp culture systems (Asaduzzaman et al, 2008; Hari et al, 2004; Panigrahi et al, 2019; Xu and Pan, 2012)
Four weeks prior to the experimental start, biofloc growth was stimulated in three indoor tanks stocked with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Summary

Introduction

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important farmed species, accounting for more than 52% of global crustaceans production in 2018 (FAO, 2020) Intensive farming of this species relies heavily on protein rich feed because the natural productivity of the pond food web is insufficient to sustain the desired high productivity. By increasing the C/N ratio in the system, the total ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations are significantly reduced (Panigrahi et al, 2019). This practice improves water quality and Pacific white shrimp production (Panigrahi et al, 2019; Ren et al, 2019). In a minimal water exchange system for Pacific white shrimp, a C/N ratio of 15 was optimal for shrimp survival, growth, and immune ac tivity (Panigrahi et al, 2019)

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