Effects of canola or olive oil on plasma lipids, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and inflammatory cytokines in patients referred for coronary angiography

Nafiseh Khandouzi,Javad Nasrollahzadeh,Ali Zahedmehr

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01362-z

Abstract

BackgroundThe potential cardioprotective benefits of olive oil (OO) and canola oil (CO) consumption have been shown in some studies. The present study compared the effects of CO and OO on plasma lipids, some inflammatory cytokines, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass and activity in patients undergoing coronary angiography.MethodsThe current randomized, controlled, parallel-arm, clinical trial involved 48 patients (44 men and 4 women, aged 57.63 ± 6.34 years) with at least one classic cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes) who referred for coronary angiography. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and received 25 mL/day refined olive oil (n = 24) or canola oil (n = 24) for 6 weeks. Plasma lipids, some selected inflammatory markers, and Lp-PLA2 levels were measured at baseline and after the intervention.ResultsCO consumption produced a significant reduction in plasma Lp-PLA2 mass (− 0.97 ± 1.84 vs. 0.34 ± 1.57 ng/mL, p = 0.008 for CO and OO, respectively), whereas the mean changes in interleukine-6 concentration were significantly lower after OO consumption compared with CO (− 9.46 ± 9.46 vs. -0.90 ± 6.80 pg/mL, p = 0.008 for OO and CO, respectively). After 6 weeks of intervention, no significant changes were observed in plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, complement C3, C4, or lipid profiles in the two intervention groups.ConclusionsComparing the two vegetable oils in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors showed that the consumption of olive oil is more effective in reducing the level of inflammatory cytokine interleukine-6, whereas canola oil was more effective in lowering Lp-PLA2 levels; however, this finding should be interpreted with caution, because Lp-PLA2 activity did not change significantly.Trial registrationIRCT20160702028742N5 at www.irct.ir (04/19/2019).

Highlights

The potential cardioprotective benefits of olive oil (OO) and canola oil (CO) consumption have been shown in some studies
The comparison of canola and olive oils showed that the Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content of OO is slightly higher, while the amount of Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is higher in CO [5]
The present study suggests that a relatively short dietary intervention with refined olive oil can have a significant effect on plasma IL-6 concentration

Summary

Introduction

The potential cardioprotective benefits of olive oil (OO) and canola oil (CO) consumption have been shown in some studies. Two commonly consumed vegetable oils, are low in SFAs but rich in MUFAs, and both are recommended to be included in a healthy diet for cardioprotection [4, 5]. Scientific evidence suggests, that replacing SFAs with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may reduce CVD risk factors somewhat more than replacing SFAs with MUFAs [2]. In addition to their beneficial effects, PUFAs have been shown to be safe [7]. Canola oil (CO) which contains low amounts of SFAs, high amounts of MUFAs, and relatively high amounts of PUFAs could be a reasonable choice for inclusion in a healthy diet to replace SFAs and increase unsaturated fats intake [8]. The comparison of canola and olive oils showed that the MUFA content of OO is slightly higher, while the amount of PUFAs is higher in CO [5]

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