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Abstract
The mortality of individuals suffering from depression has been increasing, noticeably of postmenopausal women; consequently, their care and treatment are significant to retain a high quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Camellia sinensis (CS) on repeated stress-induced changes of the depression related function on the tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) in ovariectomized female rats. After behavioral test, we evaluated the changes in the neurotransmitter by measuring the level of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NaC) and the serum levels of estrogen and oxytocin. We used 18F-2-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) to examine the effects of CS on glucose metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Female rats were randomly segregated into three groups. Nor group was considered as nonoperated and nonstressed group, while the control was the ovariectomized and stressed group (OVX+ST), and CS was the ovariectomized, stressed and CS treated group. The rats were exposed to immobilization stress (IMO) for 14 d (2 h/d), and CS (300 mg/kg, i.p.) was treated 30 min before IMO stress. Significant reduction of immobility in the TST and FST was indicated in rats treatment with CS compared to the control group (OVX+ST). The levels of estrogen in the serum of the Nor and CS groups were significantly elevated compared to the OVX+ST group. Also, CS activated brain glucose metabolism in the cortex. The present findings suggested that CS had antidepressant effectiveness in a menopausal depression animal model. These findings suggest evidence that CS plays a crucial role in stressful situation, providing that CS might be a dependable antidepressant medicine to treat menopausal depression.
Highlights
Depression is the most common of all the psychiatric disorders, and it is the main clinical manifestation of menopausal depression
At the beginning of the experiment, the antidepressant-like activity of Camellia sinensis (CS) was assessed in ovariectomized rats subjected to immobilization stress (IMO) by measuring time of immobility during the forced swimming test (FST) and TST (Figure 3)
Post hoc analysis exposed that the durations of immobility of the CS group were significantly decreased compared with the OVX+ST group (Figure 3(b))
Summary
Depression is the most common of all the psychiatric disorders, and it is the main clinical manifestation of menopausal depression. In the National Comorbidity Survey, major depression is more ordinary in women than in men until late life, with a lifetime prevalence of 21% compared to 12% for men [1]. It was found that estrogens have intense effect on symptoms of depression [2]. A reduction in estrogen levels is related to aroused sensibility to develop major depressive disorder (MDD) [3]. Ovariectomized (OVX) animal models of estrogen lack have symptoms similar to those of women with menopauserelated depression [5]. Polyphenols have a broad spectrum of biological activities such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular diseases contains the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, enzyme activity, and the modulation of cellular signaling cascades [1]
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