Effects of Calving Body Condition Score on Blood Acid-Base Balance of Primiparous Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows in a Commercial Dairy Farm: A Case Study.

Rodrigo Muiño,José L Benedito,Joaquín Hernández,Cristina Castillo

doi:10.3390/ani11072075

Rodrigo Muiño, José L Benedito + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072075

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Abstract

Simple SummaryThis study assesses the effect of the body condition score (BCS) on productive variables and the acid–base balance in Holstein heifers. For this purpose, two groups were established according to the BCS: a group of 12 animals with an optimal BCS (range 3.25–3.5) and a group of 15 heifers with a BCS higher than 3.5. The study period started one month before calving (BC) and ran until one month after calving (AC). The results showed that the BCS of heifers does not affect milk production in terms of quantity and quality. In addition, the study of acid–base balance variables provides information that contributes additional insights into metabolic changes that can sometimes go unnoticed.The study was carried out on 27 healthy primiparous Holstein heifers (620 ± 50 kg) kept in a commercial dairy herd. The animals were divided into two groups taking into account the body condition score (BCS) index: BCS < 3.5, n = 12; BCS > 3.5 n = 15. The study period started one month before calving (BC), and ran until one month after calving (AC). Venous blood samples were collected 1 month and 1 week BC, and 1 week and 1 month AC. This study had two objectives: (i) to assess whether a higher or lower BCS affected total milk production and its quality; (ii) to assess changes in the internal fluid (venous pH; partial pressure of CO2, ppCO2; bicarbonate; total CO2, TCO2; base excess, BE; electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl−; and anion gap, AG) that occur during this phase depending on the BCS. We can conclude that the BCS at calving does not affect the productive status during lactation, both in terms of the quantity and quality of milk produced. The excess of crude protein (CP) added through the ration in the lactation phase can trigger a tendency to an alkalotic state, in this case compensated by respiratory buffering mechanisms, as reflected by the TCO2. The changes in electrolytes are a reflection of the movement of free water for milk production, where a balance between measurable anions and cations is observed.

Highlights

On a dairy farm, reproductive efficiency determines, to a large extent, the farm’s profits in terms of milk production and successive pregnancies
The same studies that recommend this age emphasize the fact that the heifer is still in the growth phase, so nutritional and management requirements must be taken into account when compared to multiparous dairy cows
Prior to the first sampling, animals were classified into two groups: in one group we included those heifers with a body condition considered adequate for the month prior to parturition

Summary

Introduction

Reproductive efficiency determines, to a large extent, the farm’s profits in terms of milk production and successive pregnancies. This reproductive efficiency depends on many factors, such as the health status of the animal and the diet it receives. Many authors suggest that the beginning of a heifer’s reproductive lifespan should be around 23–25 months [2,3] since this implies a decrease in production costs. The same studies that recommend this age emphasize the fact that the heifer is still in the growth phase, so nutritional and management requirements must be taken into account when compared to multiparous dairy cows. The reality is that this is a management decision peculiar to each farm

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