Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess cytotoxicity and cell migration of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] and octenidine hydrochloride - OCT (Octenisept®, Schülke & Mayr, Norderstedt, Germany) in L929 and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. The cells were exposed to different doses of different solutions: 2.5% and 5% Ca(OCl)2, 0.1% OCT, 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX for 10 min. Cell viability was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, and cell migration was determined by wound-healing assay. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). The MTT and NR assays revealed that 0.1% OCT was less cytotoxic in hPDL cells (p<0.05), followed by 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between 2.5% NaOCl and 5% Ca(OCl)2 (p>0.05), but these solutions showed greater cytotoxicity than the others. The result was the same for L929 cells, except that there was no significant difference between 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p>0.05). Wound-healing assay in L929 and hPDL cells showed that cell migration of 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 groups was higher than 5% Ca(OCl)2 and 2.5% NaOCl groups at 24 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, 0.1% OCT had lower cytotoxicity in tested cell lines than CHX, Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl. Cell migration was higher for 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2. Therefore, in terms of cytotoxicity, OCT and Ca(OCl)2 have the potential to be used as root canal irrigants.
Highlights
Current scientific evidence indicates sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as the most widely used irrigant solution due to its potent antimicrobial activity [1] and organic dissolution capacity [2]
The MTT and neutral red (NR) assays on human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells revealed that 0.1% OCT was the least cytotoxic (p
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of OCT and Ca (OCl)2, in comparison with NaOCl and CHX, on viability and proliferation/migration of L929 and hPDL cells
Summary
Current scientific evidence indicates sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as the most widely used irrigant solution due to its potent antimicrobial activity [1] and organic dissolution capacity [2]. There is no root canal irrigant considered ideal, and alternative solutions continue to be studied. Calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] has been studied as a root canal irrigant [7,8]. It has tissue dissolution capacity [2] and higher chlorine content than NaOCl at the same concentration [9]. When used as an irrigant solution during biomechanical preparation of Enterococcus faecalis-infected teeth, 2.5% Ca(OCl) showed antibacterial efficacy similar to 2.5% NaOCl [7]. Blattes et al [8] found no difference between Ca(OCl) and NaOCl in 3T3 embryonic mouse fibroblast cells
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