Abstract
BackgroundCaffeine supplementation (CAFF) has an established ergogenic effect on physical performance and the psychological response to exercise. However, few studies have compared the response to CAFF intake among athletes of different competition level. This study compares the acute effects of CAFF on anaerobic performance, mood and perceived effort in elite and moderately-trained recreational athletes.MethodsParticipants for this randomized, controlled, crossover study were 8 elite athletes (in the senior boxing national team) and 10 trained-recreational athletes. Under two experimental conditions, CAFF supplementation (6 mg/kg) or placebo (PLAC), the athletes completed a Wingate test. Subjective exertion during the test was recorded as the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) both at the general level (RPEgeneral) and at the levels muscular (RPEmuscular) and cardiorespiratory (RPEcardio). Before the Wingate test, participants completed the questionnaires Profiles of Moods States (POMS) and Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS).ResultsIn response to CAFF intake, improvements were noted in Wpeak (11.22 ± 0.65 vs 10.70 ± 0.84; p = 0.003; {eta}_p^2 =0.44), Wavg (8.75 ± 0.55 vs 8.41 0.46; p = 0.001; {eta}_p^2 =0.53) and time taken to reach Wpeak (7.56 ± 1.58 vs 9.11 ± 1.53; p < 0.001; {eta}_p^2 =0.57) both in the elite and trained-recreational athletes. However, only the elite athletes showed significant increases in tension (+ 325%), vigor (+ 31%) and SVS (+ 28%) scores after the intake of CAFF compared to levels recorded under the condition PLAC (p < 0.05). Similarly, levels of vigor after consuming CAFF were significantly higher in the elite than the trained-recreational athletes (+ 5.8%).ConclusionsCAFF supplementation improved anaerobic performance in both the elite and recreational athletes. However, the ergogenic effect of CAFF on several mood dimensions and subjective vitality was greater in the elite athletes.
Highlights
Caffeine supplementation (CAFF) has an established ergogenic effect on physical performance and the psychological response to exercise
Participants showed higher Wpeak values after CAFF supplementation compared to placebo (11.22 ± 0.65 vs 10.7 ± 0.84 W) whereas trained-recreational athletes showed a higher Wpeak (11.31 ± 0.73) than the elite athletes (10.52 ± 0.62)
For the average power exerted by participants during the Wingate test, we observed a significant effect of supplementation (F1,16 = 18.099; p = 0.001; η2p = 0.531)
Summary
Caffeine supplementation (CAFF) has an established ergogenic effect on physical performance and the psychological response to exercise. Caffeine (CAFF) is a nutritional supplement with a high level of scientific evidence supporting its effect of improving sports performance [1] This explains why CAFF has become one of the most widely consumed nutritional aids among athletes [2, 3], both professional [4, 5] and recreational/amateur [6, 7]. At the muscle tissue level, CAFF increases the frequency of calcium channel opening [16], promoting the release of calcium into the myoplasm and enhancing muscle contraction [17] These effects make CAFF an effective ergogenic aid in various exercise actions such as endurance sports [18], exercise efforts with high glycolytic demands [19], resistance exercise [20], and racket [21], combat [22] and team sports [23]
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