Abstract
In this research, the soil samples were contaminated with 0.05% and 0.1% of cadmium and lead. Seventy pots containing 200 g of soil were polluted with 5% diesel (w/w) (10 g). The physicochemical parameters of the soil were determined. There was a decrease in the pH, and electrical conductivity but the nitrogen, phosphorous, organic carbon and organic matter increased during the 84 days of biodegradation. The bacteria isolated from diesel oil contaminated soil were species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The GC-MS analysis revealed a significant decrease in the alkane and an increase in the ester constituents of the biodegraded oil samples after 84 days. Diesel oil co-contaminated soil supplemented with 0.1% of cadmium and lead had a percentage degradation of 89.5% and 80.54% respectively while compared to the un-supplemented samples (28.36%) after 84 days. This indicates that lead and cadmium as co-contaminant in diesel contaminated soil improved the rate of biodegradation of diesel.
Highlights
Contamination of soil is prominent among the most critical environmental issues throughout the world, and it has a hugely harmful impact on people, animals, microorganisms, and plants [1]
The continuous increase in hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria population in soil sample co-contaminated with 0.1% lead showed that, the presence of lead at that concentration was not sufficient to inhibit the growth of these bacteria or possibly enhanced the ability of these bacterial to tolerate trace amount of heavy metals
The decrease in pH is a pointer to the fact that biodegradation of diesel oil in the polluted soil increases with increase in biodegradation time
Summary
Contamination of soil is prominent among the most critical environmental issues throughout the world, and it has a hugely harmful impact on people, animals, microorganisms, and plants [1]. The severe pollution scenarios have resulted in the degradation of the environment especially soil, resulting in a substantial decline in biodiversity, affect public health and disrupt life support system for local people. Hydrocarbon spills in the form of petroleum products both on land and in water, have been a problem since discovery of oil as an energy source. They can have devastating effects on the biota of an environment. Industrialization and agricultural practices contribute significantly to the degradation and contamination of environment, which contrarily affects the soil and water bodies [4]. The quest for environmentally sustainable approach towards cleaning contaminated environment has made the ever-evolving field of biodegradation a standard practice for the remediation and restoration of degraded environment
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