Effects of cadmium and arsenic on growth and metal accumulation of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.

Abstract

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites using hyperaccumulators presents a promising alternative to current environmental methodologies. In the pot-culture experiment, the effects of Cd, and Cd–As on the growth and its accumulation in the Cd-hyperaccumulator ( Solanum nigrum L.) were determined. No reduction in plant height and shoot dry biomass was noted when the plants were grown at Cd concentration of ⩽25 mg/kg. The contents of Cd in the stems increased from 122 to 387 mg/kg with increasing Cd, with the Cd transfer factor and bioaccumulation factor being >1.0. The plant can be classified as a Cd-hyperaccumulator. Growing in the presence of 10 mg/kg Cd and 50 mg/kg As, the plant height and shoot dry matter yields did not decrease significantly ( p > 0.05) compared to that at 10 mg/kg Cd, however the stem Cd content increased by 28%. It was also observed that S. nigrum used exclusion strategy to reduce As uptake in the roots and restricted translocation into the shoots, resulting in As contents of the plant being root > leaf > stem > seed. The Cd accumulation capacity coupled with its relatively high As tolerance ability could make it useful for phytoremediation of sites co-contaminated by Cd and As.