Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious Diarrhea.

Raymond J Playford,Paul Kelly,Tania Marchbank,Naheed Choudhry

doi:10.3390/nu13031024

Raymond J Playford, Paul Kelly + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13031024

Copy DOI

Abstract

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs commonly, is difficult to treat, and frequently recurs. Bovine colostrum (BC) and chicken eggs contain immunoglobulins and other components that possess antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, and growth factor activities; however, it is not known if they have the ability to reduce injury caused by the presence of bacteria associated with SIBO (Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Bacteroides, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, and Proteus) and infectious diarrhea (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella). We examined the effects of BC, egg, or the combination, on bacterial growth and bacteria-induced changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and bacterial translocation across confluent Caco-2 monolayers. BC, egg, or the combination did not affect bacterial growth. Adding bacteria to monolayers reduced TEER and (with minor variations among species) increased bacterial translocation, increased monolayer apoptosis (increased caspase-3 and Baxα, reduced Bcl2), increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and reduced cell adhesion molecules zonulin1 (ZO1) and claudin-1. BC, egg, or the combination reduced these effects (all p < 0.01) and caused additional increases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) expression. We conclude that BC ± egg strengthens mucosal integrity against a battery of bacteria relevant for SIBO and for infectious diarrhea. Oral BC ± egg may have clinical value for these conditions, especially SIBO where eradication of precipitating organisms may be difficult to achieve.

Highlights

In a series of 87 adult patients presenting with chronic diarrhea, Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was subsequently diagnosed as the cause in half the patients, whereas irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Up to two-thirds of the children living in urban slums have documented SIBO and this has contributed to the development of environmental enteropathy and stunted growth [5]
The other bacterial strains tested gave similar results (Tables 1–3).and are noted by exception in the text

Summary

Introduction

Symptoms associated with SIBO include bloating, flatulence, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort [1]. Many of the clinical features are similar to those of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), both conditions may coexist in the same patient [2]. In a series of 87 adult patients presenting with chronic diarrhea, SIBO was subsequently diagnosed as the cause in half the patients, whereas IBS accounted for only 13% [3]. The extent to which these patients had a “misdiagnosis” of IBS or that the two conditions coexisted in the same patients is unclear, successful eradication of microbes with antibiotic treatment led to reduced symptoms in about half the patients [4]. Up to two-thirds of the children living in urban slums have documented SIBO and this has contributed to the development of environmental enteropathy and stunted growth [5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion