Abstract
An electromagnetic (EM) wave-absorbing material with a three-layer structure is prepared by depositing magnetic particles and a high-temperature resistant coating on the surface of the carbon fiber (CF) with in situ hybridization. Accordingly, the structure, chemical composition, morphology, high-temperature resistance, EM characteristics, and EM wave absorption of the composite materials were analyzed. The composite materials contained CFs, and the magnetic particles, such as Fe3O4, NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and Ni3Fe, distributed along the axial direction of the fiber, while boron nitride (BN) existed in the outermost coating layer. This preparation method improves the oxidation resistance and EM wave absorption performance of the CF. When the concentrations of the metal salt solution and the original BN solution are 0.625×1.5 mol L-1 [nFeCl3: nCoSO4: nNiSO4=2:2:1] and 4 mol L-1 [nH3BO3:nCONH22=1:3], respectively, the thermal decomposition temperature of the prepared CF/1.5FeCoNi/2BN is increased from 450°C to 754°C. In the frequency range of 10.6–26 GHz, the EM wave loss is less than −10 dB (the bandwidth spans 15.4 GHz). The CF-based composite material prepared in this study has the characteristics of light weight, wide absorption band, and strong oxidation resistance and constitutes the reference basis for the study of other high-temperature, EM wave-absorbing materials.
Highlights
When the aircraft travels through the air-intensive, lowaltitude atmosphere, its surface temperature reaches several hundreds or even thousands of degrees Celsius within a short period of time [1]
The peak near the same time, the typical peaks of Fe3O4, NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and Ni3Fe did not disappear, indicating that the coverage of boron nitride (BN) did not affect the existence of magnetic particles
We found that when the loading of magnetic particles and the thickness of BN coating changed, the EM wave absorption properties of the material changed
Summary
When the aircraft travels through the air-intensive, lowaltitude atmosphere, its surface temperature reaches several hundreds or even thousands of degrees Celsius within a short period of time [1]. At these temperatures, the absorbing materials on its structure cannot meet the radar requirements. Compared with graphite and spherical particles, carbon fiber (CF) has unique anisotropic characteristics, increased strength, and excellent thermal stability [2, 3] It is extensively used in the reinforcing phase of composite materials, but it is one of the preferred materials for electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption. It is a strong reflector of EM waves, so it must be structurally designed and chemically doped or surface modified to change the EM wave absorption performance of CFs [8]
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