Abstract
In this study, boron, a metalloid element commonly used in semiconductor applications, was added in a V-containing Zr-based AB2 metal hydride alloy. In general, as the boron content in the alloy increased, the high-rate dischargeability, surface exchange current, and double-layer capacitance first decreased and then increased whereas charge-transfer resistance and dot product of charge-transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance changed in the opposite direction. Electrochemical and gaseous phase characteristics of two boron-containing alloys, with the same boron content detected by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, showed significant variations in performances due to the difference in phase abundance of a newly formed tetragonal V3B2 phase. This new phase contributes to the increases in electrochemical high-rate dischargeability, surface exchange current, charge-transfer resistances at room, and low temperatures. However, the V3B2 phase does not contribute to the hydrogen storage capacities in either gaseous phase and electrochemical environment.
Highlights
Nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries are important in consumer battery, transportation, and alternative energy-related stationary applications, and they are superior in operation temperature range and cycle life compared to the competing Li-ion batteries [1]
ICP results are compared with the design compositions in of the added boron content, respectively, to maintain the B/A ratio
The participation rate of boron decreases with the increase in the boron content, which results in the lower boron contents and B/A ratios in alloys B3 to B5 compared to the corresponding design values
Summary
Nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries are important in consumer battery, transportation, and alternative energy-related stationary applications, and they are superior in operation temperature range and cycle life compared to the competing Li-ion batteries [1]. Flexibility in stoichiometry [4,5] and abundantly available secondary phases [6] in the AB2 metal hydride (MH) alloy allow for fine tailoring in chemical composition to fulfill the stringent demands from different applications. MH alloys, one based on the C14 Laves phase—an intermetallic phase with an AB2 stoichiometry—is commonly used as the negative electrode active material of the Ni/MH battery [6]. Laves phases, named after Fritz Laves (1906–1978), have three different classes: a cubic MgCu2 (C15), a hexagonal
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