Abstract
Bonding agents have been developed to improve bond strength between ceramic and Co-Cr metal. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two bonding agents on bond strength of Co-Cr metal fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). Bond strength was determined by a three-point bending test, and the interfaces of the metal and ceramic, before and after the bending test, were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the thickness of the oxide layer and amount of ceramic remaining. To analyze the elemental composition of the bonding agents and fractured surfaces, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used. Co-Cr specimens with bonding agent showed significantly higher bond strength than Co-Cr specimens without bonding agents. The fractured surfaces of most specimens showed mixed failure, but failure mode varied according to bonding agent and fabrication type. Specimens from groups treated with bonding agents had significantly higher remaining ceramic fractions on fractured Co-Cr alloys than specimens from groups that did not receive bonding agent. Mass amounts of silicone (Si) and titanium (Ti) on the fractured alloy surfaces were also different among specimens according to method of fabrication and presence of bonding agent. Together, the results suggest that application of bonding agent to 3D printed Co-Cr metal increases bond strength with ceramics.
Highlights
To reduce the risk of internal micro-cracking during the cooling phase of ceramic fabrication, porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns were developed in the late 1950s
For 60 years, PFM has been the main type of prosthesis material used in dentistry, recent studies have focused on development and improvement of metal-free esthetic restorations such as zirconia
We found that use of both commercial bonding agents significantly increased the bond strength between ceramic and selective laser melting (SLM)-produced metal alloys
Summary
To reduce the risk of internal micro-cracking during the cooling phase of ceramic fabrication, porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns were developed in the late 1950s. For 60 years, PFM has been the main type of prosthesis material used in dentistry, recent studies have focused on development and improvement of metal-free esthetic restorations such as zirconia. Base metal alloys are economical alternatives to gold alloys and zirconia. De Melo et al investigated the bond strength of dental ceramic and demonstrated that it did not differ between Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy [2]. Joias et al found that the bond strength of ceramic to Co-Cr alloy depends on the alloy composition [3].
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