Effects of blocking non- N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors on visual responses of neurons in the cat visual cortex

Abstract

To elucidate the function of non- N-methyl- d-aspartate types of glutamate receptors in the primary visual cortex of the adult cat, we studied the effects of the iontophoretically applied glutamate receptor antagonists 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and d-amino-5-phosphonovalerate. Antagonists were applied with ejecting currents that selectively blocked non- N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors. Among 93 cells in which stable recordings were obtained, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione reduced the visual response in all cells. The average response magnitude during 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione administration was reduced to 11.7% of the control (average ejecting current: 41.2 nA). The effect of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione was obvious throughout all cortical layers. The effect of d-amino-5-phosphonovalerate on the visual response was tested in 14 cells and it was also effective in blocking the visual response: the average response magnitude during d-amino-5-phosphonovalerate administration was 45.0% of the control (average ejecting current: 41.4 nA). The effect of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione on the response was compared in individual cells at both high and low firing rates in order to determine whether a differential effect exists on the level of firing activity of cells due to secondary inactivation of voltage-dependent N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors. However, no indication of response dependency on firing rate was seen with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. We suggest that excitatory transmission at the geniculocortical and corticocortical synapses seems to be strongly dependent on non- N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors throughout the primary visual cortex of the adult cat, and that both non- N-methyl- d-aspartate and N-methyl- d-aspartate type glutamate receptors function additively.