Effects of Black Vinegar and Niacinamide on LPS-Induced Inflammation on Human Keratinocytes

Abstract

In this study, the effects of black vinegar (BA) and niacinamide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells, were investigated. First of all, BA and niacinamide have no cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells even at high concentrations. LPS treatment triggers the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the expression of inflammatory enzymes, iNOS and COX-2. In contrast, BA and niacinamide weakened the expression of LPS-induced COX-2 and iNOS. Based on the results, we concluded that BA and niacinamide have effective anti-inflammatory properties in HaCaT cells. Therefore, BA and niacinamide may be used as new alternative treatments for inflammatory skin diseases. Keywords: Black vinegar, HaCaT cell, Inflammation, Keratinocytes, Liposaccharides, Niacinamide